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[g'hg=gÎgäg/h2hNhkh&‡h®h&Ìhóhii (i&5i!\i!~i i ¹i5Úi>j=Oj8j8Æj0ÿj00k'ak,‰k,¶k8ãk*lGlNl!alƒl*£l1Îlmm92m$lm!‘m.³m âmìm.ûm.*nYnyn'Œn(´nÝn ün/Ù»Kýî¿1ƒ±îÖæÌë‡ðoñŒB,¾_\AàWÎc]oþ×;ú`ØI?ǮԤcímô~s>‘xªçÅ@Ã0•UêGŸçF˜*dRÀ:hˆ ¶  ¢eVïXx¨B¦hYœ¢É‰Á”ÑŠÄ ërŽˆó4Ng zÔЧ·Ò+Tœ¤–) ò$.y1ªOæÇŠŒüã½#’º¨«67¼µ´ÀPdi’&ln­·CaŽ™š@J¿áÍ9Ïß¼ ‡f‚ÞI¯H2Æ%êDAÂñ`ð]-GP}à™®ôi˥ݛõ¦ 2ÞÏ©øpZÕ¡ÈáºÆïa×ù[‹Sp±7b›Úè|4•Ä–=så(Númn€e¬6”LJâ~Ñ Î^âÒ€é¯ÝØK­éÛw?v<Éö¥3u½;zÓà ä[„-XvqûMšµ)<80¡Yƒÿ^Ryž —H_&û:þ|D{åÙ»3Û*øŸ$žE°ü‘ЗË8 ÁQZ9÷(f¸Õõr†Ê=#Ö³Ó¹U%"¬òÍßjM'W/5tCè÷\Å>ÿÌì'²ö£O}ä‚S!jí,«E!¾Tùk†˜bLVÈ©ýQ£"“…qÚ³…¹5gìwu. §‹¸t“+°‰ã´Ü ²óÜFlk{„¶Êtimed out waiting for input: auto-logout -%s or -o option -ilrsD or -c command or -O shopt_option (invocation only) malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched (wd: %s) (core dumped) line $%s: cannot assign in this way%c%c: invalid option%d: invalid file descriptor: %s%s can be invoked via %s has null exportstr%s is %s %s is a function %s is a shell builtin %s is a shell keyword %s is aliased to `%s' %s is hashed (%s) %s is not bound to any keys. %s out of range%s%s%s: %s (error token is "%s")%s: %s%s: %s out of range%s: %s: bad interpreter%s: %s: cannot open as FILE%s: %s: compatibility value out of range%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)%s: ambiguous job spec%s: ambiguous redirect%s: arguments must be process or job IDs%s: bad network path specification%s: bad substitution%s: binary operator expected%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)%s: cannot assign fd to variable%s: cannot assign list to array member%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array%s: cannot create: %s%s: cannot delete: %s%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way%s: cannot execute binary file%s: cannot execute binary file: %s%s: cannot execute: %s%s: cannot get limit: %s%s: cannot modify limit: %s%s: cannot open temp file: %s%s: cannot open: %s%s: cannot overwrite existing file%s: cannot read: %s%s: cannot unset%s: cannot unset: readonly %s%s: circular name reference%s: command not found%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s %s: expression error %s: file is too large%s: file not found%s: first non-whitespace character is not `"'%s: hash table empty %s: history expansion failed%s: host unknown%s: illegal option -- %c %s: inlib failed%s: integer expression expected%s: invalid action name%s: invalid argument%s: invalid array origin%s: invalid associative array key%s: invalid callback quantum%s: invalid file descriptor specification%s: invalid limit argument%s: invalid line count%s: invalid option%s: invalid option name%s: invalid service%s: invalid shell option name%s: invalid signal specification%s: invalid timeout specification%s: invalid variable name for name reference%s: is a directory%s: job %d already in background%s: job has terminated%s: line %d: %s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)%s: missing colon separator%s: nameref variable self references not allowed%s: no completion specification%s: no job control%s: no such job%s: not a function%s: not a regular file%s: not a shell builtin%s: not an array variable%s: not an indexed array%s: not dynamically loaded%s: not found%s: numeric argument required%s: option requires an argument%s: option requires an argument -- %c %s: parameter null or not set%s: readonly function%s: readonly variable%s: reference variable cannot be an array%s: restricted%s: restricted: cannot redirect output%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names%s: substring expression < 0%s: unary operator expected%s: unbound variable%s: usage: %s: variable may not be assigned value(( expression ))(core dumped) (wd now: %s) . filename [arguments]/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking/tmp must be a valid directory nameABORT instructionAborting...Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. -N Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero) is at the top. dir Adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.Alarm (profile)Alarm (virtual)Alarm clockArithmetic for loop. Equivalent to (( EXP1 )) while (( EXP2 )); do COMMANDS (( EXP3 )) done EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.BPT trace/trapBad system callBogus signalBroken pipeBus errorCPU limitChild death or stopCommon shell variable names and usage. BASH_VERSION Version information for this Bash. CDPATH A colon-separated list of directories to search for directories given as arguments to `cd'. GLOBIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored. HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain. HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running shell can access. HOME The complete pathname to your login directory. HOSTNAME The name of the current host. HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under. IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF character as the sole input. If set, then the value of it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen in a row on an empty line before the shell will exit (default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input. MACHTYPE A string describing the current system Bash is running on. MAILCHECK How often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail. MAILPATH A colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks for new mail. OSTYPE The version of Unix this version of Bash is running on. PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when looking for commands. PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each primary prompt. PS1 The primary prompt string. PS2 The secondary prompt string. PWD The full pathname of the current directory. SHELLOPTS A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. TERM The name of the current terminal type. TIMEFORMAT The output format for timing statistics displayed by the `time' reserved word. auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by itself is first looked for in the list of currently stopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded. A value of `exact' means that the command word must exactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A value of `substring' means that the command word must match a substring of the job. Any other value means that the command must be a prefix of a stopped job. histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick substitution. The first character is the history substitution character, usually `!'. The second is the `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The third is the `history comment' character, usually `#'. HISTIGNORE A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which commands should be saved on the history list. ContinueDefine local variables. Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can be any option accepted by `declare'. Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible only to the function where they are defined and its children. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, a variable assignment error occurs, or the shell is not executing a function.Define shell function. Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command, NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked, the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's name is in $FUNCNAME. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is readonly.Display or execute commands from the history list. fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list. FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a string, which means the most recent command beginning with that string. Options: -e ENAME select which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR, then vi -l list lines instead of editing -n omit line numbers when listing -r reverse the order of the lines (newest listed first) With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed. A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc' runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes the last command. Exit Status: Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs.Display or set file mode mask. Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints the current value of the mask. If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1). Options: -p if MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input -S makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output Exit Status: Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given.Display possible completions depending on the options. Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against WORD are generated. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.Display process times. Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its child processes. Exit Status: Always succeeds.Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get back up through the list with the `popd' command. Options: -c clear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements -l do not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative to your home directory -p print the directory stack with one entry per line -v print the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed with its position in the stack Arguments: +N Displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero. -N Displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.DoneDone(%d)EMT instructionEnable and disable shell builtins. Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin without using a full pathname. Options: -a print a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled -n disable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins -p print the list of builtins in a reusable format -s print only the names of Posix `special' builtins Options controlling dynamic loading: -f Load builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME -d Remove a builtin loaded with -f Without options, each NAME is enabled. To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin version, type `enable -n test'. Exit Status: Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs.Evaluate arithmetic expression. The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic evaluation. Equivalent to "let EXPRESSION". Exit Status: Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise.Evaluate arithmetic expressions. Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. id++, id-- variable post-increment, post-decrement ++id, --id variable pre-increment, pre-decrement -, + unary minus, plus !, ~ logical and bitwise negation ** exponentiation *, /, % multiplication, division, remainder +, - addition, subtraction <<, >> left and right bitwise shifts <=, >=, <, > comparison ==, != equality, inequality & bitwise AND ^ bitwise XOR | bitwise OR && logical AND || logical OR expr ? expr : expr conditional operator =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |= assignment Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. Exit Status: If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.Evaluate conditional expression. This is a synonym for the "test" builtin, but the last argument must be a literal `]', to match the opening `['.Execute arguments as a shell command. Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell, and execute the resulting commands. Exit Status: Returns exit status of command or success if command is null.Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed. Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the `until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands as long as a test succeeds. Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the `while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands based on conditional. The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise, the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands based on pattern matching. Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The `|' is used to separate multiple patterns. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands for each member in a list. The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in "$@"' is assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and the COMMANDS are executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Execute commands from a file in the current shell. Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME. If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters when FILENAME is executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if FILENAME cannot be read.Execute conditional command. Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators: ( EXPRESSION ) Returns the value of EXPRESSION ! EXPRESSION True if EXPRESSION is false; else false EXPR1 && EXPR2 True if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false EXPR1 || EXPR2 True if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed. When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator is matched as a regular expression. The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to determine the expression's value. Exit Status: 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION.Execute shell builtins. Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function. Exit Status: Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is not a shell builtin..Exit %dExit a login shell. Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed in a login shell.Exit for, while, or until loops. Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing loops. Exit Status: The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1.Exit the shell. Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.File limitFloating point exceptionGNU bash, version %s (%s) GNU bash, version %s-(%s) GNU long options: Group commands as a unit. Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an entire set of commands. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.HFT input data pendingHFT monitor mode grantedHFT monitor mode retractedHFT sound sequence has completedHOME not setHangupI have no name!I/O readyIllegal instructionInformation requestInterruptKilledLicense GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later Modify or display completion options. Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification. Options: -o option Set completion option OPTION for each NAME -D Change options for the "default" command completion -E Change options for the "empty" command completion Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option. Arguments: Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin. If no NAMEs are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion generator are modified. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not have a completion specification defined.Move job to the foreground. Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used. Exit Status: Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs.Move jobs to the background. Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is used. Exit Status: Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.Null command. No effect; the command does nothing. Exit Status: Always succeeds.OLDPWD not setParse option arguments. Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters as options. OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by white space. Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument, getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG. getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?' is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed. If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the printing of error messages, even if the first character of OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default. Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if more arguments are given, they are parsed instead. Exit Status: Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs.QuitRead lines from a file into an array variable. A synonym for `mapfile'.Record lockRemoves entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Options: -n Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated. Arguments: +N Removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0' removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second. -N Removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0' removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last. The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.Report time consumed by pipeline's execution. Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time, and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates. Options: -p print the timing summary in the portable Posix format The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format. Exit Status: The return status is the return status of PIPELINE.Resume for, while, or until loops. Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop. Exit Status: The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1.Resume job in foreground. Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an argument to `bg'. Exit Status: Returns the status of the resumed job.Return a successful result. Exit Status: Always succeeds.Return an unsuccessful result. Exit Status: Always fails.Return from a shell function. Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed within the function or script. Exit Status: Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script.Return the context of the current subroutine call. Without EXPR, returns "$line $filename". With EXPR, returns "$line $subroutine $filename"; this extra information can be used to provide a stack trace. The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the current one; the top frame is frame 0. Exit Status: Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR is invalid.Returns the context of the current subroutine call. Without EXPR, returns RunningSegmentation faultSelect words from a list and execute commands. The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in "$@"' is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input. If the line consists of the number corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection until a break command is executed. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last command executed.Set and unset shell options. Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not each is set. Options: -o restrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o' -p print each shell option with an indication of its status -q suppress output -s enable (set) each OPTNAME -u disable (unset) each OPTNAME Exit Status: Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is given or OPTNAME is disabled.Set export attribute for shell variables. Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting. Options: -f refer to shell functions -n remove the export property from each NAME -p display a list of all exported variables and functions An argument of `--' disables further option processing. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid.Shell commands matching keyword `Shell commands matching keywords `Shell options: Shift positional parameters. Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is not given, it is assumed to be 1. Exit Status: Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#.Signal %dStoppedStopped (signal)Stopped (tty input)Stopped (tty output)Stopped(%s)Suspend shell execution. Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal. Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended. Options: -f force the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell Exit Status: Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs.TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format characterTerminatedThe mail in %s has been read There are running jobs. There are stopped jobs. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list. Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'. Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.Trap signals and other events. Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals or other conditions. ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the shell to exit when the -e option is enabled. If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated with each signal. Options: -l print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers -p display the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A signal may be sent to the shell with "kill -signal $$". Exit Status: Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given.Type `%s -c "help set"' for more information about shell options. Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands. Unknown Signal #Unknown Signal #%dUnknown errorUnknown statusUrgent IO conditionUsage: %s [GNU long option] [option] ... %s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ... Use "%s" to leave the shell. Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs. User signal 1User signal 2Wait for job completion and return exit status. Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or a job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all processes in that job's pipeline. If the -n option is supplied, waits for the next job to terminate and returns its exit status. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is given.Wait for process completion and return exit status. Waits for each process specified by a PID and reports its termination status. If PID is not given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return status is zero. PID must be a process ID. Exit Status: Returns the status of the last PID; fails if PID is invalid or an invalid option is given.Window changedWrite arguments to the standard output. Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline. Options: -n do not append a newline Exit Status: Returns success unless a write error occurs.You have mail in $_You have new mail in $_[ arg... ][[ expression ]]`%c': bad command`%c': invalid format character`%c': invalid symbolic mode character`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator`%c': invalid time format specification`%s': cannot unbind`%s': invalid alias name`%s': invalid keymap name`%s': is a special builtin`%s': missing format character`%s': not a pid or valid job spec`%s': not a valid identifier`%s': unknown function name`)' expected`)' expected, found %s`:' expected for conditional expressionadd_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still aliveadd_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipelinealias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]all_local_variables: no function context at current scopeargumentargument expectedarray variable support requiredattempted assignment to non-variablebad array subscriptbad command typebad connectorbad jumpbad substitution: no closing "`" in %sbad substitution: no closing `%s' in %sbash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for commandbg [job_spec ...]bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %sbrace expansion: failed to allocate memory for %d elementsbrace expansion: failed to allocate memory for `%s'break [n]bug: bad expassign tokenbuiltin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]caller [expr]can only `return' from a function or sourced scriptcan only be used in a functioncannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %dcannot create temp file for here-document: %scannot duplicate fd %d to fd %dcannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %dcannot find %s in shared object %s: %scannot make child for command substitutioncannot make child for process substitutioncannot make pipe for command substitutioncannot make pipe for process substitutioncannot open named pipe %s for readingcannot open named pipe %s for writingcannot open shared object %s: %scannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %scannot reset nodelay mode for fd %dcannot set and unset shell options simultaneouslycannot set terminal process group (%d)cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variablecannot suspendcannot suspend a login shellcannot use `-f' to make functionscannot use more than one of -anrwcase WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esaccd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]child setpgid (%ld to %ld)command [-pVv] command [arg ...]command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]completion: function `%s' not foundcompopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]conditional binary operator expectedcontinue [n]coproc [NAME] command [redirections]could not find /tmp, please create!cprintf: `%c': invalid format charactercurrentdeclare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]deleting stopped job %d with process group %lddescribe_pid: %ld: no such piddirectory stack emptydirectory stack indexdirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]division by 0dynamic loading not availableecho [-n] [arg ...]echo [-neE] [arg ...]empty array variable nameenable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]error getting terminal attributes: %serror importing function definition for `%s'error setting terminal attributes: %seval [arg ...]exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]exit [n]expected `)'exponent less than 0export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -pexpression expectedexpression recursion level exceededfc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]fg [job_spec]file descriptor out of rangefilename argument requiredfor (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; donefor NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; doneforked pid %d appears in running job %dformat parsing problem: %sfree: called with already freed block argumentfree: called with unallocated block argumentfree: start and end chunk sizes differfree: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of rangefunction name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitutiongetcwd: cannot access parent directoriesgetopts optstring name [arg]hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]hashing disabledhelp [-dms] [pattern ...]here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]history positionhistory specificationhits command identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrementif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fiinitialize_job_control: getpgrp failedinitialize_job_control: line disciplineinitialize_job_control: setpgidinvalid arithmetic baseinvalid baseinvalid character %d in exportstr for %sinvalid hex numberinvalid numberinvalid octal numberinvalid signal numberjob %d started without job controljob_spec [&]jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]last command: %s let arg [arg ...]limitline %d: line editing not enabledlocal [option] name[=value] ...logout logout [n]loop countmake_here_document: bad instruction type %dmake_local_variable: no function context at current scopemake_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of rangemalloc: block on free list clobberedmalloc: failed assertion: %s migrate process to another CPUmissing `)'missing `]'missing hex digit for \xmissing unicode digit for \%cnetwork operations not supportedno `=' in exportstr for %sno closing `%c' in %sno command foundno help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'.no job controlno job control in this shellno match: %sno other directoryno other options allowed with `-x'not currently executing completion functionnot login shell: use `exit'octal numberonly meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' looppipe errorpop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scopepop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function contextpop_var_context: no global_variables contextpopd [-n] [+N | -N]power failure imminentprint_command: bad connector `%d'printf [-v var] format [arguments]progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPECprogramming errorpushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]pwd [-LP]read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]read error: %d: %sreadarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -prealloc: called with unallocated block argumentrealloc: start and end chunk sizes differrealloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of rangerecursion stack underflowredirection error: cannot duplicate fdregister_alloc: %p already in table as allocated? register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC? register_free: %p already in table as free? restrictedreturn [n]run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %prun_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myselfsave_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %dselect NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; doneset [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...]setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %ssetlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %sshell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1shift [n]shift countshopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]sigprocmask: %d: invalid operationsource filename [arguments]start_pipeline: pgrp pipesuspend [-f]syntax errorsyntax error in conditional expressionsyntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'syntax error in expressionsyntax error near `%s'syntax error near unexpected token `%s'syntax error: `((%s))'syntax error: `;' unexpectedsyntax error: arithmetic expression requiredsyntax error: invalid arithmetic operatorsyntax error: operand expectedsyntax error: unexpected end of filesystem crash imminenttest [expr]time [-p] pipelinetoo many argumentstrap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]trap_handler: bad signal %dtype [-afptP] name [name ...]umask [-p] [-S] [mode]unalias [-a] name [name ...]unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operatorunexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operatorunexpected argument to conditional binary operatorunexpected argument to conditional unary operatorunexpected token %d in conditional commandunexpected token `%c' in conditional commandunexpected token `%s' in conditional commandunexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expectedunexpected token `%s', expected `)'unknownunknown command errorunset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...]until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; donevalue too great for basevariables - Names and meanings of some shell variableswait [-n] [id ...]wait [pid ...]wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shellwait_for: No record of process %ldwait_for_job: job %d is stoppedwaitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite blockwarning: warning: %s: %swarning: -C option may not work as you expectwarning: -F option may not work as you expectwhile COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; donewrite error: %sxtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptorxtrace_set: NULL file pointer{ COMMANDS ; }Project-Id-Version: bash 4.3-rc2 Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: POT-Creation-Date: 2016-09-10 12:42-0400 PO-Revision-Date: 2015-08-27 13:36+0800 Last-Translator: Wei-Lun Chao Language-Team: Chinese (traditional) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Language: zh_TW Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;  等待輸入逾時：自動登出 -%s or -o é¸é … -irsD 或 -c <命令> 或 -O (僅é©åˆå‘¼å«) malloc: %s:%d: 主張已修補 (工作目錄: %s) (核心已傾å°) 列 $%s: 無法如此指派%c%c：無效é¸é …%d: 無效的檔案æ述符: %s%s å¯ä»¥è¢«å‘¼å«ï¼Œè—‰ç”±%s 有空的 exportstr%s 是 %s %s 是一個函數 %s 是 shell 內建 %s 是 shell é—œéµå­— %s 是「%sã€çš„別å %s 已進行雜湊æ“作(%s) %s 未與任何éµç¹«çµã€‚ %s 超出範åœ%s%s%s: %s (錯誤字組是「%sã€)%s: %s%s：%s 超出範åœ%s: %s: ä¸ç•¶çš„直譯器%s: %s: 無法åšç‚ºæª”案開啟%s: %s: 相容版本數值超出範åœ%s: %s: 追蹤檔案æ述符的值無效%s: %s: 指派為關è¯é™£åˆ—時必須使用下標%s: %s:%d: ç„¡æ³•åˆ†é… %lu ä½å…ƒçµ„%s: %s:%d: ç„¡æ³•åˆ†é… %lu ä½å…ƒçµ„ (å·²åˆ†é… %lu ä½å…ƒçµ„)%s：模稜兩å¯çš„工作è¦æ ¼%s: 模稜兩å¯çš„é‡å®šå‘%s: 引數必須是行程或工作 ID%s：ä¸ç•¶çš„網路路徑è¦æ ¼%s: 錯誤的替æ›%s: 需è¦äºŒå…ƒè¡¨ç¤ºå¼%s: ç„¡æ³•åˆ†é… %lu ä½å…ƒçµ„%s: ç„¡æ³•åˆ†é… %lu ä½å…ƒçµ„ (å·²åˆ†é… %lu ä½å…ƒçµ„)%s: 無法將檔案æ述符指派給變數%s: 無法將串列指派給陣列æˆå“¡%s: 無法指派為éžæ•¸å­—的索引%s: 無法將關è¯é™£åˆ—轉化為索引陣列%s: 無法將索引陣列轉化為關è¯é™£åˆ—%s: 無法建立: %s%s: 無法刪除: %s%s: 無法以這種方å¼éŠ·æ¯€é™£åˆ—變數%s: 無法執行二進ä½æª”案%s: 無法執行二進ä½æª”案: %s%s: 無法執行: %s%s：ä¸èƒ½å¾—到 limit: %s%s：ä¸èƒ½ä¿®æ”¹ limit: %s%s: 無法開啟臨時檔案: %s%s: 無法開啟: %s%s: 無法覆寫已存在的檔案%s：ä¸èƒ½è®€å–： %s%s: 無法å–消設定%s: 無法å–消設定: 唯讀 %s%s: 迴圈變數å引用%s：命令找ä¸åˆ°%s：錯誤檢索當å‰ç›®éŒ„： %s： %s %s: 表示å¼éŒ¯èª¤ %s: 檔案太大%s: 檔案未找到%s: 第一個éžç©ºå­—å…ƒä¸æ˜¯ã€Œ"ã€%s: 雜湊表為空 %s: æ­·å²è¨˜éŒ„擴充套件失敗%s：ä¸æ˜Žçš„主機%s: éžæ³•é¸é … -- %c %s: inlib 失敗%s: 需è¦æ•´æ•¸è¡¨ç¤ºå¼%s：無效的功能å稱%s: 無效引數%s: 無效的陣列原點%s: 無效的關è¯é™£åˆ—éµå€¼%s: 無效的回呼定é‡%s: 無效的檔案æ述符è¦æ ¼%s: 無效的 limit 引數%s: 無效的列數%s：無效é¸é …%s：無效é¸é …å稱%s：無效æœå‹™%s: 無效的 shell é¸é …å稱%s：無效的信號è¦æ ¼%s: 無效的逾時è¦æ ¼%s: 無效的引用變數å%s: 是一個目錄%s: 工作 %d 已在背景執行%s: 工作已經終止%s: 第 %d 列：%s: 超出最大函數巢狀層數 (%d)%s: 缺少冒號分隔符%s: ä¸å…許å稱引用變數引用自身%s：沒有完æˆçš„è¦æ ¼%s：沒有工作控制%s：沒有此類工作%s: ä¸æ˜¯å‡½æ•¸%s: ä¸æ˜¯å¸¸è¦æª”案%s：ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹å…§å»º shell%s: ä¸æ˜¯é™£åˆ—變數%s: ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ç´¢å¼•é™£åˆ—%s: 未以動態方å¼è¼‰å…¥%s：沒有找到%s：需è¦æ•¸å­—引數%s：é¸é …需è¦ä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸%s: é¸é …需è¦ä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸ -- %c %s: åƒæ•¸ç‚ºç©ºæˆ–未設定%s：唯讀函數%s：唯讀的變數%s: 引用變數ä¸èƒ½ç‚ºé™£åˆ—%s：å—é™çš„%s: å—é™çš„: 無法é‡å®šå‘輸出%s: å—é™çš„: 無法在命令å稱中使用「/ã€%s: å­ä¸²è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ < 0%s: 需è¦ä¸€å…ƒè¡¨ç¤ºå¼%s: 未繫çµçš„變數%s: 用法：%s: 變數ä¸å¯æŒ‡æ´¾å€¼(( è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ ))(核心已傾å°)(當å‰å·¥ä½œç›®éŒ„：%s) 。檔å [引數]沒有網路時ä¸æ”¯æ´ /dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port/tmp 必須為有效的目錄å稱<無當å‰ç›®éŒ„>放棄指令中止…在目錄堆疊頂部加入一個目錄，或者論詢 目錄堆疊，是當å‰å·¥ä½œç›®éŒ„æˆç‚ºæ–°çš„堆疊頂端 ä¸å¸¶å¼•æ•¸æ™‚，交æ›å †ç–Šé ‚端的兩個目錄。 é¸é …： -n 抑制增加堆疊中目錄時通常變更目錄的æ“作， 從而åªæœ‰å †ç–Šè¢«æ“作。 引數： +N 輪轉堆疊使得第 N 個目錄(「dirsã€çš„ 輸出列表中左起，從 0 開始) å‡è‡³å †ç–Šé ‚端。 -N 輪轉堆疊使得第 N 個目錄(「dirsã€çš„ 輸出列表中å³èµ·ï¼Œå¾ž 0 開始) å‡è‡³å †ç–Šé ‚端 dir 新增目錄至堆疊頂端，並 使其æˆç‚ºæ–°çš„當å‰å·¥ä½œç›®éŒ„。 「dirsã€å…§å»ºå‘½ä»¤é¡¯ç¤ºç›®éŒ„堆疊。警報(å´å¯«)警報(虛擬)鬧é˜ç®—è¡“ for 迴圈。 等價於 (( EXP1 )) while (( EXP2 )); do COMMANDS (( EXP3 )) done EXP1ã€EXP2 å’Œ EXP3 都是算術表示å¼ã€‚如果çœç•¥ä»»ä½•è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ï¼Œ 則等åŒæ–¼ä½¿ç”¨äº†æ±‚值為 1 的表示å¼ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳最後執行命令的狀態。斷點追蹤/陷阱錯誤的系統呼å«å½è¨Šè™Ÿç®¡é“中斷匯æµæŽ’錯誤CPU é™åˆ¶å­è¡Œç¨‹å·²æ­»æˆ–者åœæ­¢å¸¸ç”¨ shell 變數å稱和使用。 BASH_VERSION ç•¶å‰ Bash 的版本資訊。 CDPATH 用於「cdã€å‘½ä»¤å¼•æ•¸æœå°‹åˆ†è™Ÿåˆ†éš”的目錄列表 GLOBIGNORE 路徑擴充套件時忽略的檔å匹é…模å¼åˆ—表， 以分號分隔。 HISTFILE 您的命令歷å²è¨˜éŒ„存放的檔案å稱。 HISTFILESIZE æ­·å²è¨˜éŒ„檔案最多å¯ä»¥å„²å­˜çš„列數。 HISTSIZE 一個執行的 shell 最多å¯ä»¥è¨ªå•çš„æ­·å²è¨˜éŒ„命令列數。 HOME 您登入目錄的完整路徑。 HOSTNAME 當å‰ä¸»æ©Ÿçš„主機å。 HOSTTYPE 當å‰ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ BASH 在其之上執行的 CPU 類型。 IGNOREEOF 控制 shell 收到檔案çµæŸç¬¦åšç‚ºå–®ä¸€è¼¸å…¥å¾Œçš„ 動作。如果設定這個變數，則它的值是 shell 退出之å‰åœ¨ 一個空列上å¯ä»¥é€£çºŒçœ‹åˆ°çš„檔案çµæŸç¬¦æ•¸é‡(é è¨­ç‚º 10)。 未設定時，檔案çµæŸç¬¦æ¨™èªŒè‘—輸入的çµæŸã€‚ MACHTYPE æ述當å‰åŸ·è¡Œ Bash 的系統字串。 MAILCHECK Bash 檢測新郵件的頻率，以秒為單ä½ã€‚ MAILPATH Bash 從中檢測新郵件的檔案列表，以分號分隔。 OSTYPE 執行 Bash çš„ Unix 版本。 PATH 當尋找命令時æœå°‹çš„目錄列表，以冒號分隔。 PROMPT_COMMAND å°å‡ºæ¯ä¸€å€‹ä¸»æ示符之å‰åŸ·è¡Œçš„命 令。 PS1 主æ示符字串。 PS2 從æ示符字串。 PWD 當å‰ç›®éŒ„的完整路徑。 SHELLOPTS 已啟用的 shell é¸é …列表，以冒號分隔。 TERM 當å‰çµ‚端類型的å稱。 TIMEFORMAT 以關éµå‰‡ã€Œtimeã€é¡¯ç¤ºçš„時間統計資訊的輸出 æ ¼å¼ã€‚ auto_resume éžç©ºæ™‚，一個單ç¨çš„å‘½ä»¤è©žæœƒé¦–å…ˆè¢«åœ¨ç•¶å‰ åœæ­¢çš„工作列表中æœç´¢ã€‚如果找到則該工作被置於å‰è‡ºã€‚ 如果值為「exactã€å‰‡æ„味著命令詞必須精確匹é…åœæ­¢å·¥ä½œ 列表中的命令。如果值為「substringã€å‰‡æ„味著命令詞必 須匹é…工作的一個å­å­—串。任何其他的值æ„味著命令詞 必須是åœæ­¢å·¥ä½œçš„一個字首。 histchars 控制歷å²è¨˜éŒ„展開和快速替æ›çš„字元。第一個字元是 æ­·å²è¨˜éŒ„替æ›å­—元，通常是「!ã€ã€‚第二個字元是快速替æ›å­—元， 通常是「^ã€ã€‚第三個是歷å²è¨˜éŒ„註釋字元，通常是「#ã€ã€‚ HISTIGNORE 用於決定哪些命令被存入歷å²è¨˜éŒ„æª”æ¡ˆçš„æ¨¡å¼ åˆ—è¡¨ï¼Œä»¥å†’è™Ÿåˆ†éš”ã€‚ 繼續定義本地變數。 建立一個以 NAME 為å稱的變數，並且將 VALUE 指派給它。 OPTION é¸é …å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä»»ä½•èƒ½è¢«ã€Œdeclareã€æŽ¥å—çš„é¸é …。 本地變數åªèƒ½åœ¨å‡½æ•¸å…§éƒ¨è¢«ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œå®ƒå€‘åªèƒ½åœ¨å®šç¾©å®ƒå€‘的函數內 部以åŠå­å‡½æ•¸ä¸­å¯è¦‹ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …ã€ç™¼ç”Ÿäº†æŒ‡æ´¾éŒ¯èª¤æˆ–者 shell ä¸åœ¨åŸ·è¡Œä¸€å€‹å‡½æ•¸ã€‚定義 shell 函數。 建立一個以 NAME 為åçš„ shell 函數。當åšç‚ºä¸€å€‹ç°¡å–®çš„命令啟用時， NAME å‡½æ•¸åŸ·è¡Œå‘¼å« shell 語境中的 COMMANDs 命令。當 NAME 被啟用時，引數åšç‚º $1…$n 被傳éžçµ¦å‡½æ•¸ï¼Œå‡½æ•¸çš„å字儲存在變數 $FUNCNAME 中。 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸé™¤éž NAME 為唯讀。從歷å²è¨˜éŒ„列表中顯示或者執行命令。 fc 被用於從歷å²è¨˜éŒ„列表中列出或者é‡æ–°ç·¨è¼¯ä¸¦åŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ FIRST å’Œ LAST 變數å¯ä»¥æ˜¯æ•¸å­—用於指定範åœï¼Œæˆ–者 FIRST å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ 字串，æ„味著以這個字串開頭的最近一個命令。 é¸é …： -e ENAME é¸æ“‡ä½¿ç”¨å“ªå€‹ç·¨è¼¯å™¨ã€‚é è¨­çš„是 FCEDIT，然後是 EDITOR， 然後是 vi -l 列出列而ä¸ç·¨è¼¯ -n 列舉時çœç•¥åˆ—號 -r å轉列的順åº(最新列在å‰) 用「fc -s [模å¼=æ›¿æ› â€¦] [命令]ã€çš„æ ¼å¼ï¼ŒCOMMAND 命令會在 OLD=NEW 替æ›ä¹‹å¾Œè¢«é‡æ–°åŸ·è¡Œã€‚ r=「fc -sã€æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹æœ‰ç”¨çš„別å，這樣的話輸入「r ccã€æœƒåŸ·è¡Œæœ€å¾Œä¸€å€‹ä»¥ã€Œcc〠開頭的命令，輸入「rã€æœƒé‡æ–°åŸ·è¡Œæœ€å¾Œä¸€å€‹å‘½ä»¤ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œæˆ–者執行命令的狀態；如果錯誤發生則回傳éžé›¶ã€‚顯示或設定檔案模å¼é®ç½©ã€‚ 設定使用者檔案建立é®ç½©ç‚º MODE 模å¼ã€‚如果çœç•¥äº† MODE，則 å°å‡ºç•¶å‰é®ç½©çš„值。 如果 MODE 模å¼ä»¥æ•¸å­—開頭，則被當åšå…«é€²ä½æ•¸å­—解æžï¼›å¦å‰‡æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ chmod(1) å¯æŽ¥æ”¶çš„符號模å¼ä¸²ã€‚ é¸é …： -p 如果çœç•¥ MDOE 模å¼ï¼Œä»¥å¯é‡ç”¨ç‚ºè¼¸å…¥çš„æ ¼å¼è¼¸å…¥ -S 以符號形å¼è¼¸å‡ºï¼Œå¦å‰‡ä»¥å…«é€²ä½æ•¸å­—æ ¼å¼è¼¸å‡º 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„ MODE 模å¼æˆ–者é¸é …。ä¾æ“šé¸é …顯示å¯èƒ½çš„補完。 æ„圖在能產生å¯èƒ½çš„補完 shell 函數內部使用。 如果æ供了å¯é¸çš„ WORD 引數，則產生按照 WORD 進行的匹é…。 退出狀態： 除éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆé¸é …或者錯誤發生，å¦å‰‡å›žå‚³æˆåŠŸã€‚顯示行程時間 å°å‡º shell åŠå…¶æ‰€æœ‰å­è¡Œç¨‹çš„累計使用者空間和 系統空間執行時間。 退出狀態： 一律æˆåŠŸã€‚顯示當å‰è¨˜ä½çš„目錄列表。 目錄 藉由「pushdã€å‘½ä»¤åŠ å…¥é€™å€‹åˆ—表；您å¯ä»¥ 使用「popdã€å‘½ä»¤å°åˆ—表進行é歷。 é¸é …: -c 刪除所有元素以清除目錄堆疊 -l ä¸å°å‡ºèˆ‡å®¶ç›®éŒ„相關的以波浪號 為字首的目錄 -p æ¯åˆ—一個æ¢ç›®å°å‡ºç›®éŒ„堆疊 -v 以堆疊ä½ç½®ç‚ºå­—首，æ¯åˆ—一個æ¢ç›® å°å‡ºç›®éŒ„堆疊 引數: +N 以 dirs ä¸å¸¶é¸é …輸出的順åºï¼Œå¾žå·¦èµ·ç¬¬ N 個æ¢ç›®é¡¯ç¤ºåˆ—表， 從 0 開始。 -N 以 dirs ä¸å¸¶é¸é …輸出的順åºï¼Œå¾žå³èµ·ç¬¬ N 個項目顯示列表， 從 0 開始。已完æˆå·²å®Œæˆ(%d)模擬器陷阱指令啟用和åœç”¨ shell 內建。 啟用和åœç”¨ shell 的內建命令。åœç”¨ä½¿æ‚¨èƒ½å¤ åŸ·è¡Œä¸€å€‹å’Œå…§å»º 命令åŒåç£ç¢Ÿä¸Šçš„命令，而無須使用完整的路徑å。 é¸é …： -a å°å‡ºä¸€å€‹å…§å»ºçš„列表，並顯示其中æ¯ä¸€å€‹æ˜¯å¦å•Ÿç”¨ -n åœç”¨æ¯ä¸€å€‹ NAME 內建或者顯示一個被åœç”¨çš„內建列表 -p 以å¯é‡ç”¨çš„æ ¼å¼å°å‡ºä¸€å€‹å…§å»ºçš„列表 -s 僅å°å‡º Posix「special〠內建的å稱 控制動態載入的é¸é …： -f 從共享物件 FILENAME 檔案中載入 NAME 內建 -d 刪除以 -f é¸é …載入的內建 ä¸å¸¶é¸é …時，æ¯ä¸€å€‹ NAME 內建都被啟用。 如果è¦ä½¿ç”¨ $PATH 中找到的「testã€è€Œä¸æ˜¯ shell 內建的版本， 輸入「enable -n testã€ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éž NAME ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ shell 內建或者有錯誤發生。求值算術表示å¼ã€‚ 表示å¼æŒ‰ç…§ç®—術法則進行求值。 等價於「let 表示å¼ã€ã€‚ 退出狀態： 如果表示å¼æ±‚值為 0 則回傳 1ï¼›å¦å‰‡å›žå‚³ 0。求值算術表示å¼ã€‚ å°‡æ¯å€‹ ARG åƒè³½åšç‚ºç®—術表示å¼ä¾†æ±‚值。求值的計算以定寬的整 數完æˆï¼Œä¸å¸¶æº¢ä½æª¢æ¸¬ï¼Œä¸éŽé™¤ 0 是被置陷阱的並且會報一個錯 誤。下列é‹ç®—å­è¢«æŒ‰ç…§ç›¸åŒçš„算術優先順åºçµ„åˆã€‚列表的順åºæŒ‰ç…§ 優先順åºå¾žé«˜è‡³ä½Žã€‚ id++, id-- 變數後置加，後置減 ++id, --id 變數å‰ç½®åŠ ï¼Œå‰ç½®æ¸› -, + 一元減法，一元加法 !, ~ é‚輯和ä½å–å ** 指數 *, /, % 乘法，除法，å–餘數 +, - 增加，減少 <<, >> å‘左和å‘å³æŒ‰ä½ç§»ä½ <=, >=, <, > 比較 ==, != 等於，ä¸ç­‰æ–¼ & 按ä½èˆ‡ ^ 按ä½ç•°æˆ– | 按ä½æˆ– && é‚輯與 || é‚輯或 expr ? expr : expr æ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å­ =, *=, /=, %=, +=, -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |= 指派 Shell 變數å…許åšç‚ºé‹ç®—元。表示å¼ä¸­çš„變數å稱會以值å–代 (強制轉æ›ç‚ºå®šå¯¬çš„整數)。表示å¼ä¸­çš„變數ä¸éœ€è¦é–‹å•Ÿæ•´æ•¸å±¬æ€§ã€‚ é‹ç®—å­æŒ‰ç…§å„ªå…ˆé †åºé€²è¡Œæ±‚值。括號中的å­è¡¨ç¤ºå¼å°‡è¢«å…ˆæ±‚值，並å¯å–代上述表示å¼è¦å‰‡ã€‚ 退出狀態： 如果最後一個 ARG 引數求值為 0，則 let 回傳 1ï¼› å¦å‰‡ let 回傳 0。求值æ¢ä»¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ã€‚ 是內建命令「testã€çš„åŒç¾©è©žï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æœ€å¾Œä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸å¿…須是 字元「]ã€ï¼Œä»¥åŒ¹é…起始的「[ã€ã€‚將引數åšç‚º shell 命令執行。 å°‡ ARGs åˆæˆä¸€å€‹å­—串，用çµæžœåšç‚º shell 的輸入， 並且執行得到的命令。 退出狀態： 以命令的狀態退出，或者在命令為空的情æ³ä¸‹å›žå‚³æˆåŠŸã€‚當測試ä¸åŒéŽæ™‚執行命令。 「untilã€COMMANDS 命令的最終命令回傳狀態ä¸ç‚º 0 時， 展開並執行 COMMANDS 命令。 退出狀態： 回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。åªè¦æ¸¬è©¦æˆåŠŸå³åŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ åªè¦åœ¨ã€Œwhileã€COMMANDS 中的最終命令回傳çµæžœç‚º 0，則 展開並執行 COMMANDS 命令。 退出狀態： 回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。根據æ¢ä»¶åŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ 「if COMMANDSã€åˆ—表被執行。如果退出狀態為零，則執行「then COMMANDS〠列表。å¦å‰‡æŒ‰é †åºåŸ·è¡Œæ¯å€‹ã€Œelif COMMANDSã€åˆ—表，並且如果它的退出狀態為 零，則執行å°æ‡‰çš„「then COMMANDSã€åˆ—表並且 if 命令終止。å¦å‰‡å¦‚果存在的 情æ³ä¸‹ï¼ŒåŸ·è¡Œã€Œelse COMMANDSã€åˆ—表。整個çµæ§‹çš„退出狀態是最後一個執行 命令的狀態，或者如果沒有æ¢ä»¶æ¸¬è©¦ç‚ºçœŸçš„話，則為零。 退出狀態： 回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。基於模å¼åŒ¹é…來執行命令。 基於 PATTERN 模å¼åŒ¹é…çš„å­—è©ž WORD，有é¸æ“‡çš„執行 COMMANDS 命令。 「|ã€ç”¨æ–¼åˆ†éš”多個模å¼ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。為列表中的æ¯å€‹æˆå“¡åŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ã€‚ 「forã€è¿´åœˆç‚ºåˆ—表中的æ¯å€‹æˆå“¡åŸ·è¡Œä¸€ç³»åˆ—的命令。如果沒有 「in WORDS ...;ã€å‰‡å‡å®šä½¿ç”¨ã€Œin "$@"ã€ã€‚å°æ–¼ WORDS ä¸­çš„æ¯ å€‹å…ƒç´ ï¼ŒNAME 被設定為該元素，並且執行 COMMANDS 命令。 退出狀態： å›žå‚³æœ€å¾ŒåŸ·è¡Œå‘½ä»¤çš„ç‹€æ…‹ã€‚åœ¨ç•¶å‰ shell 中執行一個檔案中的命令。 åœ¨ç•¶å‰ shell 中讀å–並執行 FILENAME 檔案中的命令。$PATH 變數中的 æ¢ç›®è¢«ç”¨æ–¼å°‹æ‰¾åŒ…å« FILENAME 檔案的目錄。如果æ供了任何的 ARGUMENTS 引數，則它們將æˆç‚º FILENAME 檔案執行時的ä½ç½®åƒæ•¸ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳 FILENAME 檔案中最後一個命令的狀態；如果 FILENAME 檔案ä¸å¯è®€å‰‡å¤±æ•—。執行æ¢ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ã€‚ 根據æ¢ä»¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ EXPRESSION 的求值回傳狀態 0 或 1。表示å¼æŒ‰ç…§ 「testã€å…§å»ºçš„相åŒæ¢ä»¶çµ„æˆï¼Œæˆ–者å¯ä»¥æœ‰ä¸‹åˆ—é‹ç®—å­é€£æŽ¥è€Œæˆï¼š ( EXPRESSION ) 回傳 EXPRESSION 表示å¼çš„值 ! EXPRESSION 如果 EXPRESSION 表示å¼ç‚ºå‡å‰‡ç‚ºçœŸï¼Œå¦å‰‡ç‚ºå‡ EXPR1 && EXPR2 如果 EXPR1 å’Œ EXPR2 表示å¼å‡ç‚ºçœŸå‰‡ç‚ºçœŸï¼Œå¦å‰‡ç‚ºå‡ EXPR1 || EXPR2 如果 EXPR1 å’Œ EXPR2 表示å¼ä¸­æœ‰ä¸€å€‹ç‚ºçœŸå‰‡ç‚ºçœŸï¼Œå¦å‰‡ç‚ºå‡ 當使用「==ã€å’Œã€Œ!=ã€é‹ç®—å­æ™‚，é‹ç®—å­å³é‚Šçš„字串被用作模å¼ä¸¦ä¸”執行一個 匹é…。當使用「=~ã€é‹ç®—å­æ™‚，é‹ç®—å­å³é‚Šçš„字串被當åšæ­£å‰‡è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ä¾†é€²è¡Œ 匹é…。 é‹ç®—å­ && å’Œ || å°‡ä¸å° EXPR2 表示å¼é€²è¡Œæ±‚值，如果 EXPR1 表示å¼è¶³å¤ ç¢ºå®š 整個表示å¼çš„值。 退出狀態： 根據 EXPRESSION 的值為 0 或 1。執行 shell 內建。 帶引數 ARGs 執行 SHELL-BUILTIN 內建，並且ä¸åšå‘½ä»¤æŸ¥è©¢ 在希望以 shell 函數的形å¼ä¾†é‡æ–°å¯¦ç¾ shell 內建， 並且希望在函數之內執行該 shell 內建的情æ³ä¸‹æœ‰ç”¨è™•ã€‚ 退出狀態： 以 SHELL-BUILTIN 內建的退出狀態為準，或者如果 SHELL-BUILTIN ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ shell 內建時 為å‡ã€‚。退出 %d退出一個登入 shell。 以狀態 N 退出一個登入 shell。如果ä¸åœ¨ç™»å…¥ shell 中執行，則 回傳一個錯誤。退出 forã€while 或 until 迴圈 退出一個 FORã€WHILE 或 UNTIL 迴圈。如果指定了 N，則跳出 N é‡ è¿´åœˆ 退出狀態： 退出狀態為 0 é™¤éž N ä¸å¤§æ–¼æˆ–等於 1。退出 shell。 以狀態 N 退出 shell。 如果 N 被çœç•¥ï¼Œå‰‡é€€å‡ºç‹€æ…‹ 為最後一個執行命令的退出狀態。檔案é™åˆ¶æµ®é»žæ•¸ç•°å¸¸GNU bash，版本 %s (%s) GNU bash，版本 %s-(%s) GNU é•·é¸é …： 將命令組åˆç‚ºä¸€å€‹å–®å…ƒã€‚ 執行群組中的命令集åˆã€‚這是å°æ•´å€‹å‘½ä»¤é›†åˆ åšé‡å®šå‘的方法之一。 退出狀態： 回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。HFT 待輸入資料已授予 HFT 監視模å¼å·²æ’¤éŠ· HFT 監視模å¼å·²å®Œæˆ HFT è²éŸ³åºåˆ—HOME 沒有設置çµæŸé€šè©±æˆ‘沒有åå­—ï¼I/O 就緒éžæ³•çš„指令資訊請求中斷已ç é™¤è¨±å¯è­‰ GPLv3+: GNU GPL 許å¯è­‰ç¬¬ä¸‰ç‰ˆæˆ–者更新版本 修改或顯示補完é¸é …。 修改æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱的補完é¸é …，或如果沒有æä¾› NAME å稱，執行當å‰çš„補完。 如果ä¸å¸¶é¸é …，å°å‡ºæ¯å€‹ NAME å稱的補完é¸é …或當å‰çš„補完è¦æ ¼ã€‚ é¸é …： -o option 為æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱設定補完é¸é … option -D 為「defaultã€å‘½ä»¤è£œå®Œè®Šæ›´é¸é … -E 為「emptyã€å‘½ä»¤è£œå®Œè®Šæ›´é¸é … 使用「+oã€è€Œä¸æ˜¯ã€Œ-oã€å¯ä»¥é—œé–‰æŒ‡å®šçš„é¸é …。 引數： æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱都å°æ‡‰ä¸€å€‹ä¹‹å‰ä»¥è—‰ç”±ã€Œcompleteã€å…§å»ºå®šç¾©äº†è£œå®Œè¦æ ¼çš„ 命令。如果ä¸æä¾› NAME å稱，當å‰ç”Ÿæˆè£œå®Œçš„å‡½æ•¸å¿…é ˆå‘¼å« compopt， 並且當å‰åŸ·è¡Œçš„補完生æˆå™¨é¸é …會被修改。 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …或者 NAME å稱沒有定義補完è¦æ ¼ã€‚將工作移至å‰è‡ºã€‚ 將以 JOB_SPEC 標識的工作放至å‰è‡ºï¼Œä½¿å…¶æˆç‚º 當å‰å·¥ä½œã€‚如果 JOB_SPEC ä¸å­˜åœ¨ï¼Œshell 觀念中的當å‰å·¥ä½œ 將被使用。 退出狀態： 放至å‰è‡ºçš„命令狀態，或者當錯誤發生時為失敗。移動工作至後臺。 å°‡ JOB_SPEC 標識的工作放至後臺，就åƒå®ƒå€‘ 是帶「&ã€å•Ÿå‹•çš„一樣。如果 JOB_SPEC ä¸å­˜åœ¨ï¼Œshell 觀念中的 當å‰å·¥ä½œå°‡æœƒè¢«ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸé™¤éžå·¥ä½œç®¡ç†æ²’有啟用或者錯誤發生。空的命令。 沒有效果； 此命令ä¸åšä»»ä½•æ“作。 退出狀態： 一律æˆåŠŸã€‚OLDPWD 沒有設置解æžé¸é …引數。 Getopts 被 shell éŽç¨‹ç”¨æ–¼è§£æžå¯å®šä½çš„åƒæ•¸åšç‚ºé¸é …。 OPTSTRING 字串包å«å¾…識別的é¸é …å­—æ¯ï¼›å¦‚果一個字æ¯å¾Œé¢è·Ÿ 著分號，則該é¸é …需è¦ä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸ï¼Œè€Œè©²å¼•æ•¸æ‡‰ç”¨ç©ºæ ¼èˆ‡é¸é …分開。 æ¯æ¬¡å•Ÿå‹•æ™‚，getopts 會將下一個é¸é …放到 shell 變數 $name 中，如果 name 變數ä¸å­˜åœ¨å‰‡å…ˆå°‡å…¶åˆå§‹åŒ–，而下一個待處 ç†çš„引數åºè™Ÿæ”¾å…¥ shell 變數 OPTIND 中。OPTIND è®Šæ•¸åœ¨æ¯ æ¬¡ shell 或者 shell 指令稿啟動時都被åˆå§‹åŒ–為 1。當一個é¸é …è¦ æ±‚æœ‰ä¸€å€‹å¼•æ•¸æ™‚ï¼Œgetopts 將引數放入 shell 變數 OPTARG 中。 getopts 有兩種通報錯誤的方法。如果 OPTSTRING 變數的第 一個字元是冒號，getopts ä½¿ç”¨æ²‰é»˜éŒ¯èª¤é€šå ±ã€‚åœ¨é€™ç¨®æ¨¡å¼ ä¸‹ï¼Œä¸æœƒå°å‡ºéŒ¯èª¤è¨Šæ¯ã€‚如果看到了一個無效的é¸é …， getopts 將找到的é¸é …字元放至 OPTARG 變數中。如果一個必 須的é¸é …沒有找到，getopts 放一個「:ã€åˆ° NAME 變數中並且設 ç½® OPTARG 變數為找到的é¸é …字元。如果 getopts ä¸åœ¨æ²‰é»˜æ¨¡ å¼ä¸­ï¼Œä¸¦ä¸”é‡åˆ°äº†ä¸€å€‹ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …，getopts 放置一個「?ã€åˆ° NAME 變數中並且å–消設定 OPTARG 變數。如果必須的é¸é …沒有找到， 一個「?ã€æœƒè¢«æ”¾å…¥ NAME 變數中，OPTARG 將被å–消設定，並且會 å°å‡ºä¸€å€‹è¨ºæ–·è³‡è¨Šã€‚ 如果 shell 變數 OPTERR 的值為 0，getopts åœç”¨ 錯誤資訊的å°å‡ºï¼Œå³ä½¿ OPTSTRING 變數的第一個字元ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€ 個冒號。OPTERR çš„é è¨­å€¼ç‚º 1。 Getopts 通常解æžå¯å®šä½çš„引數($0 - $9)，ä¸éŽå¦‚æžœæ供了 更多的引數，它們å而會被解æžã€‚ 退出狀態： 如果一個é¸é …被找到則回傳æˆåŠŸï¼›å¦‚æžœé‡åˆ°äº†é¸é …çš„çµå°¾æˆ–者 有錯誤發生則回傳失敗。退出從一個檔案中讀å–列到陣列變數中 一個「mapfileã€çš„åŒç¾©è©žã€‚記錄鎖從目錄堆疊中刪除æ¢ç›®ã€‚ä¸å¸¶å¼•æ•¸æ™‚，刪除 堆疊頂端目錄並變更至新的堆疊頂端目錄。 é¸é …： -n 抑制從堆疊中刪除目錄時通常變更目錄æ“作， 從而åªæœ‰å †ç–Šè¢«æ“作。 引數： +N 從「dirsã€è¼¸å‡ºçš„列表中， 刪除左起第 N 個æ¢ç›®ï¼Œè¨ˆæ•¸å¾ž 0 開始。例如：「popd +0〠刪除第一個目錄，「popd +1ã€åˆªé™¤ç¬¬äºŒå€‹ã€‚ -N 從「dirsã€è¼¸å‡ºçš„列表中， 刪除å³èµ·ç¬¬ N 個æ¢ç›®ï¼Œè¨ˆæ•¸å¾ž 0 開始，例如：「popd -0〠刪除最後一個æ¢ç›®ï¼Œã€Œpopd -1ã€åˆªé™¤å€’數第二個。 「dirsã€å…§å»ºè®Šæ•¸é¡¯ç¤ºç›®éŒ„堆疊。通報管é“執行的消耗時間。 執行 PIPELINE 並且å°å‡º PIPELINE 終çµæ™‚實際時間ã€ä½¿ç”¨è€… CPU 時間和系統 CPU 時間的總çµã€‚ é¸é …： -p 用å¯ç§»æ¤çš„ POSIX æ ¼å¼å°å‡ºç”¨æ™‚總çµã€‚ TIMEFORMAT 變數的值被åšç‚ºè¼¸å‡ºæ ¼å¼ã€‚ 退出狀態： å›žå‚³ç‹€æ…‹å³ PIPELINE 的回傳狀態。繼續 forã€while 或 until 迴圈。 ç¹¼çºŒç•¶å‰ FORã€WHILE 或 UNTIL 迴圈的下一步。 如果指定了 N， 則繼續當å‰çš„第 N é‡è¿´åœˆã€‚ 退出狀態： 退出狀態為 0 é™¤éž N ä¸å¤§æ–¼æˆ–等於 1。在å‰è‡ºç¹¼çºŒå·¥ä½œ å°æ–¼ JOB_SPEC 引數來說和「fgã€å‘½ä»¤ç­‰åŒã€‚繼續一個 åœæ­¢çš„或者後臺工作。JOB_SPEC å¯ä»¥æŒ‡å®šä¸€å€‹å·¥ä½œ å字或工作號。在 JOB_SPEC 後加上一個「&ã€å°‡æœƒæŠŠ 工作放至後臺，就åƒå·¥ä½œè¦æ ¼è¢«åšç‚ºã€Œbgã€å‘½ä»¤çš„引數 執行一樣。 退出狀態： 回傳被繼續的工作狀態。回傳一個æˆåŠŸçµæžœã€‚ 退出狀態： 一律æˆåŠŸã€‚回傳一個ä¸æˆåŠŸçš„çµæžœã€‚ 退出狀態： 一律失敗。從一個 shell 函數回傳。 使一個函數或者被引用的指令稿以指定的回傳值 N 退出。 如果 N 被çœç•¥ï¼Œå‰‡å›žå‚³ç‹€æ…‹å°±æ˜¯ 函數或指令稿中的最後一個執行命令的狀態。 退出狀態： 回傳 N，或者如果 shell ä¸åœ¨åŸ·è¡Œä¸€å€‹å‡½æ•¸æˆ–引用指令稿時，失敗。回傳當å‰å­å‘¼å«çš„語境。 ä¸å¸¶æœ‰ EXPR 時，回傳「$line $filenameã€ã€‚帶有 EXPR 時，回傳 「$line $subroutine $filenameã€ï¼›é€™å€‹é¡å¤–的資訊å¯ä»¥è¢«ç”¨æ–¼æä¾› 堆疊追蹤。 EXPR 的值顯示了到當å‰å‘¼å«æ¡†æ ¼éœ€è¦å›žåŽ»å¤šå°‘個呼å«æ¡†æ ¼ï¼›é ‚部框格 是第 0 框格。 退出狀態： é™¤éž shell ä¸åœ¨åŸ·è¡Œä¸€å€‹ shell 函數或者 EXPR 無效，å¦å‰‡å›žå‚³çµ 果為 0。回傳當å‰å­ä¾‹ç¨‹å‘¼å«çš„語境 ä¸å¸¶ EXPR 時，回傳執行中å€æ®µéŒ¯èª¤å¾žåˆ—表中é¸å–詞並且執行命令。 WORDS 變數被展開，生æˆä¸€å€‹å­—詞的列表。展開的字詞集åˆè¢«å°å‡º 在標準錯誤輸出è£ç½®ä¸Šï¼Œæ¯å€‹ä»¥ä¸€å€‹æ•¸å­—åšå­—首。如果沒有「in WORDS〠則å‡å®šä½¿ç”¨ã€Œin "$@"ã€ã€‚PS3 æ示符會被顯示並且從標準輸入讀入一列 如果該列由被顯示字詞å°æ‡‰çš„數字組æˆï¼Œå‰‡ NAME 變數被設定為相應 的字詞。如果列為空，則 WORDS 變數和æ示符被é‡æ–°é¡¯ç¤ºã€‚如果讀å–了 檔案çµæŸç¬¦ï¼Œå‰‡å‘½ä»¤å®Œæˆã€‚讀入任何其他的值會導致 NAME 變數被設定 為空。讀入的列被存放在變數 REPLY 中。COMMANDS 命令在æ¯æ¬¡é¸æ“‡ 之後執行直到執行一個 break 命令。 退出狀態： 回傳最後一個執行命令的狀態。設定和å–消設定 shell é¸é …。 變更æ¯å€‹ shell é¸é … OPTNAME 的設定。ä¸å¸¶å¼•æ•¸ 時，列出所有 shell é¸é …並標註æ¯ä¸€å€‹é¸é …是å¦è¢« 設定。 é¸é …： -o é™åˆ¶ OPTNAME 為定義用於「set -oã€çš„é¸é … -p å°å‡ºæ¯å€‹ shell é¸é …並標註它的狀態。 -q 抑制輸出 -s 啟用(設定)æ¯å€‹ OPTNAME é¸é … -u åœç”¨(å–消設定)æ¯å€‹ OPTNAME é¸é … 退出狀態： 如果 OPTNAME é¸é …被啟用則回傳æˆåŠŸï¼›å¦‚果是 無效的é¸é …或 OPTNAME 被åœç”¨å‰‡å¤±æ•—。為 shell 變數設定匯出屬性。 標記æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱為自動匯出到後續命令執行的環境。如果æ供了 VALUE 則匯出å‰å°‡ VALUE åšç‚ºæŒ‡æ´¾ã€‚ é¸é …： -f 指 shell 函數 -n 刪除æ¯å€‹ NAME å稱的匯出屬性 -p 顯示所有匯出的變數和函數的列表 「--ã€çš„引數åœç”¨é€²ä¸€æ­¥çš„é¸é …處ç†ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …或者 NAME å稱。Shell 命令，匹é…é—œéµè©ž `Shell é¸é …： 移ä½ä½ç½®åƒæ•¸ã€‚ é‡æ–°å‘½åä½ç½®å¼•æ•¸ $N+1ã€$N+2 … 到 $1ã€$2 … 如果沒有給定 N， 則å‡è¨­ç‚º 1。 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éž N 為負或者大於 $#。訊號 %då·²åœæ­¢å·²åœæ­¢(訊號)å·²åœæ­¢(tty 輸入)å·²åœæ­¢(tty 輸出)å·²åœæ­¢(%s)懸置 shell 執行。 懸置 shell 的執行直到收到 SIGCONT 訊號。 登入 shell ä¸å¯ä»¥è¢«æ‡¸ç½®ï¼Œé™¤éžå¼·åˆ¶åŸ·è¡Œã€‚ é¸é …： -f 強制懸置，å³ä½¿æ˜¯ç™»å…¥ shell。 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžæ²’有啟用工作控制或者有錯誤發生。時間格å¼:「%cã€: 無效的格å¼å­—元已終止郵件在 %s 已閱讀 有執行中的工作。 有åœæ­¢çš„工作。 在法律許å¯çš„情æ³ä¸‹ç‰¹æ­¤æ˜Žç¤ºï¼Œæœ¬è»Ÿé«”ä¸æ供任何擔ä¿ã€‚這些 shell 命令是內部定義的。請輸入「helpã€ä»¥ç²å–一個列表。 輸入「help å稱ã€ä»¥å¾—到有關函數「å稱ã€çš„更多資訊。 使用「info bashã€ä¾†ç²å¾—關於 shell 的更多一般性資訊。 使用「man -kã€æˆ–「infoã€ä¾†ç²å–ä¸åœ¨åˆ—表中命令的更多資訊。 å稱æ—邊的星號(*)表示該命令被åœç”¨ã€‚ 本軟體是自由軟體，您å¯ä»¥è‡ªç”±åœ°æ›´æ”¹å’Œé‡æ–°ç™¼å¸ƒã€‚å°è¨Šè™Ÿå’Œå…¶ä»–事件設陷阱。 定義一個處ç†å™¨ï¼Œåœ¨ shell 接收到訊號和其他æ¢ä»¶ä¸‹åŸ·è¡Œã€‚ ARG 引數是當 shell 接收到 SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號時讀å–和執行的命令。 如果沒有指定 ARG 引數 (並且åªçµ¦å‡ºä¸€å€‹ SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號) 或者 ARG 引數為 「-ã€ï¼Œæ¯ä¸€å€‹æŒ‡å®šçš„引數會被é‡ç½®ç‚ºåŽŸå§‹å€¼ã€‚如果 ARG 引數是一個空串，則æ¯ä¸€å€‹ SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號會被 shell 和它啟動的命令忽略。 如果一個 SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號是 EXIT (0) ，則 ARG 命令會在 shell 退出時被 執行。如果一個 SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號是 DEBUG，則 ARG 命令會在æ¯ä¸€å€‹ç°¡å–®å‘½ 令之å‰åŸ·è¡Œã€‚ 如果ä¸æ供引數，trap å°å‡ºåˆ—表顯示æ¯ä¸€å€‹èˆ‡æ¯ä¸€å€‹è¨Šè™Ÿç›¸é—œè¯çš„命令。 é¸é …： -l å°å‡ºä¸€å€‹è¨Šè™Ÿå稱和它們å°æ‡‰çš„編號列表 -p å°å‡ºèˆ‡æ¯å€‹ SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號相關è¯çš„陷阱命令 æ¯ä¸€å€‹ SIGNAL_SPEC 訊號å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ 中的訊號å稱或者訊號編號。 訊號å稱大å°å¯«ç›¸ç¬¦ä¸”å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ SIG 字首。訊號å¯ç”¨ã€Œkill - 訊號 $$〠傳é€çµ¦ shell。 退出狀態： 回傳æˆåŠŸï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº†ç„¡æ•ˆçš„é¸é …或者 SIGSPEC。輸入「%s -c "help set"ã€æ›´å¤šé—œæ–¼ shell é¸é …的訊æ¯ã€‚ 輸入「%s -c helpã€æ›´å¤šé—œæ–¼å…§å»º shell 命令的訊æ¯ã€‚ ä¸æ˜Žè¨Šè™Ÿ #ä¸æ˜Žè¨Šè™Ÿ #%dä¸æ˜ŽéŒ¯èª¤ä¸æ˜Žç‹€æ…‹ç·Šæ€¥ I/O ç‹€æ³ç”¨æ³•ï¼š %s [GNU é•·é¸é …] [é¸é …] … %s [GNU é•·é¸é …] [é¸é …] 指令稿檔案 … 使用「%sã€é€€å‡º shell 。 使用「bashbugã€å‘½ä»¤é€šå ±ç¨‹å¼éŒ¯èª¤ã€‚ 使用者訊號 1使用者訊號 2等待工作完æˆä¸¦å›žå‚³é€€å‡ºç‹€æ…‹ã€‚ 等待以 ID 編號識別的行程，其中 ID å¯ä»¥æ˜¯è¡Œç¨‹ç·¨è™Ÿæˆ–者工作è¦æ ¼ï¼Œ 並通報它的終止狀態。如果 ID 沒有給出，則等待所有的當å‰æ´»èºå­ 行程，並且回傳狀態為零。如果 ID 是工作è¦æ ¼ï¼Œç­‰å¾…工作管é“中的 所有行程。 若給定了 -n é¸é …，等待下一個工作完æˆä¸¦å›žå‚³å…¶ç‹€æ…‹ã€‚ 退出狀態： 回傳最後一個 ID 行程的狀態；如果使用了無效的 ID 或者é¸é …則失敗。等待行程完æˆä¸¦ä¸”回傳退出狀態。 等待指定行程並通報它的終止狀態。如果沒有æä¾› PID，則當å‰æ‰€æœ‰çš„æ´»èº å­è¡Œç¨‹éƒ½æœƒè¢«ç­‰å¾…，並且回傳碼為零。PID 必須為行程識別號。 退出狀態： 回傳行程 ID 的狀態；如果 PID 是無效的行程識別號或者指定了無效的é¸é …則失敗。視窗已變更寫入引數至標準輸出è£ç½®ã€‚ 在標準輸出è£ç½®ä¸Šé¡¯ç¤º ARGs 引數和一個æ›åˆ—。 é¸é …： -n ä¸é™„加æ›åˆ— 退出狀態： 除éžå¯«éŒ¯èª¤ç™¼ç”Ÿï¼Œå¦å‰‡å›žå‚³æˆåŠŸã€‚您有郵件在 $_您有新郵件在 $_[ 引數… ][[ è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ ]]「%cã€ï¼šä¸ç•¶çš„命令「%cã€: 無效格å¼å­—元「%cã€: 無效的符號狀態字元「%cã€: 無效的符號狀態é‹ç®—å­ã€Œ%cã€: 無效的時間格å¼è¦æ ¼ã€Œ%sã€: 無法解除繫çµã€Œ%sã€: 無效的別å「%sã€: 無效的éµå°æ˜ å「%sã€: 特殊內建「%sã€: 缺少格å¼å­—元「%sã€ï¼šä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹ pid 或有效的工作è¦æ ¼ã€Œ%sã€ï¼šä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å€‹æœ‰æ•ˆçš„識別符「%sã€ï¼šä¸æ˜Žå‡½æ•¸å稱需è¦ã€Œ)ã€éœ€è¦ã€Œ)ã€ï¼Œå¾—到 %sæ¢ä»¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¼éœ€è¦ã€Œ:ã€add_process: 行程識別號 %5ld(%s) 標註為ä»æ´»è‘—add_process: 行程 %5ld(%s) 進入 the_pipelinealias [-p] [å稱[=值] … ]all_local_variables: 當å‰ä½œç”¨åŸŸä¸­æ²’有函數語境引數需è¦å¼•æ•¸éœ€è¦é™£åˆ—變數支æ´å˜—試指派給éžè®Šæ•¸é™£åˆ—下標ä¸æ­£ç¢ºä¸ç•¶çš„命令類型ä¸ç•¶çš„連接器錯誤的跳轉錯誤的替æ›: 在 %s 中沒有閉åˆçš„「`ã€éŒ¯èª¤çš„替æ›: 在 %2$s 中沒有閉åˆçš„「%1$sã€bash_execute_unix_command: 無法為命令找到éµå°æ˜ bg [工作è¦æ ¼ …]bind [-lpvsPSVX] [-m éµå°æ˜ ] [-f 檔å] [-q å稱] [-u å稱] [-r éµåºåˆ—] [-x éµåºåˆ—:shell- 命令] [éµåºåˆ—:readline- 函數 或 readline- 命令]大括號展開： 無法為 %s 分é…記憶體大括號展開： 為 %d 個元素分é…記憶體失敗大括號展開： 為「%sã€åˆ†é…記憶體失敗break [n]錯誤：ä¸ç•¶çš„表示å¼å­—組builtin [shell 內建 [引數 …]]caller [表示å¼]åªèƒ½å¾žå‡½æ•¸æˆ–者原始指令稿「returnã€åªèƒ½ç”¨åœ¨å‡½æ•¸ä¸­ç„¡æ³•å¾žæª”案æ述符 %d 為 bash 的輸入ç²å–一個新的檔案æ述符無法為立å³æ–‡ä»¶å»ºç«‹è‡¨æ™‚檔案: %s無法複製檔案æ述符 %d 到檔案æ述符 %d無法將命åç®¡é“ %s åšç‚ºæª”案æ述符 %d 複製無法在共享物件 %2$s 中找到 %1$s: %3$s無法為命令替æ›å»ºç«‹å­è¡Œç¨‹ç„¡æ³•ç‚ºè¡Œç¨‹æ›¿æ›å»ºç«‹å­è¡Œç¨‹ç„¡æ³•ç‚ºå‘½ä»¤æ›¿æ›å»ºç«‹ç®¡é“無法為行程替æ›å»ºç«‹ç®¡é“無法開啟命åç®¡é“ %s 進 readline-無法開啟命åç®¡é“ %s 進行寫入無法開啟共享物件 %s: %s無法從 /dev/null é‡å®šå‘標準輸入: %s無法為檔案æ述符 %d é‡ç½®ç„¡å»¶é²æ¨¡å¼ç„¡æ³•åŒæ™‚設定和å–消設定 shell é¸é …無法設定終端行程群組(%d)無法åŒæ™‚å–消設定一個函數和一個變數無法懸置無法將登入 shell 懸置無法用「-fã€ç”Ÿæˆå‡½æ•¸æœ€å¤šèƒ½ä½¿ç”¨ -anrw é¸é …之一case è©ž in [æ¨¡å¼ [| 模å¼]…) 命令 ;;]… esaccd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [目錄]å­è¡Œç¨‹ setpgid (%ld 到 %ld)command [-pVv] 命令 [引數 …]command_substitute: 無法將管é“複製為檔案æ述符 1complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o é¸é …] [-A 動作] [-G 全域模å¼] [-W 詞語列表] [-F 函數] [-C 命令] [-X éŽæ¿¾æ¨¡å¼] [-P 字首] [-S å­—å°¾] [å稱 …]補完: 未找到函數「%sã€compopt [-o|+o é¸é …] [-DE] [å稱 …]需è¦äºŒå…ƒæ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å­continue [n]coproc [å稱] 命令 [é‡å®šå‘]無法找到 /tmp ，請建立cprintf:「%cã€: 無效的格å¼å­—元當å‰declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [å稱[=值] …]刪除行程群組 %2$ld 中已åœæ­¢çš„工作 %1$ddescribe_pid: %ld: 無此行程識別號目錄堆疊為空目錄堆疊索引dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]除 0動態載入ä¸å¯ç”¨echo [-n] [引數 …]echo [-neE] [引數 …]空陣列變數åenable [-a] [-dnps] [-f 檔å] [å稱 …]ç²å–終端屬性時出錯: %s錯誤，輸入的函數定義為「%sã€è¨­å®šçµ‚端屬性時出錯: %seval [引數 …]exec [-cl] [-a å稱] [命令 [引數 …]] [é‡å®šå‘ …]exit [n]é æœŸã€Œ)ã€æŒ‡æ•¸å°æ–¼ 0export [-fn] [å稱[=值] …] 或 export -p需è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå¼è¡¨ç¤ºå¼éžè¿´å±¤æ¬¡è¶…出範åœfc [-e 編輯器å] [-lnr] [起始] [終çµ] 或 fc -s [模å¼=替æ›ä¸²] [命令]fg [工作è¦æ ¼]檔案æ述符超出範åœéœ€è¦æª”å引數for (( 表示å¼1; 表示å¼2; 表示å¼3 )); do 命令 ; donefor å稱 [in å­—è©ž … ] ; do 命令 ; done生æˆçš„行程識別號 %d 顯示為執行中的工作 %dæ ¼å¼è§£æžå•é¡Œ: %sfree: 用已經釋放的å€å¡Šåšç‚ºå‘¼å«å¼•æ•¸free: 用未分é…çš„å€å¡Šåšç‚ºå‘¼å«å¼•æ•¸free: 啟始和末尾å€å¡Šå¤§å°ä¸ä¸€è‡´free: 檢測到下é™æº¢ä½ï¼›mh_nbytes 超出範åœfunction å稱 { 命令 ; } 或 name () { 命令 ; }未來版本的 shell 會強制以算術替æ›æ±‚值getcwd: 無法訪å•ä¸Šå±¤ç›®éŒ„getopts é¸é …字串 å稱 [引數]hash [-lr] [-p 路徑å] [-dt] [å稱 …]å·²åœç”¨é›œæ¹Šhelp [-dms] [æ¨¡å¼ â€¦]ç«‹å³æ–‡ä»¶åœ¨ç¬¬ %d 列被檔案çµæŸç¬¦åˆ†éš” (需è¦ã€Œ%sã€)history [-c] [-d å移é‡] [n] 或 history -anrw [檔å] 或 history -ps 引數 [åƒæ•¸â€¦]æ­·å²è¨˜éŒ„ä½ç½®æ­·å²è¨˜éŒ„è¦æ ¼å‘½ä¸­ 命令 é å¢žç¬¦æˆ–é æ¸›ç¬¦å¾Œæ‡‰è·Ÿæœ‰æ¨™è­˜ç¬¦if 命令 ; then 命令 ; [ elif 命令 ; then 命令 ; ]… [ else 命令 ; ] fiinitialize_job_control: getpgrp 失敗initialize_job_control: 列è¦å¾‹initialize_job_control: setpgid無效的算術進ä½ç„¡æ•ˆçš„基底%2$s çš„ exportstr 中有無效的字元 %1$d無效的å六進ä½æ•¸å­—無效數字無效的八進ä½æ•¸å­—無效信號數字在ä¸å¸¶å·¥ä½œæŽ§åˆ¶çš„情æ³ä¸‹å•Ÿå‹•äº†å·¥ä½œ %djob_spec [&]jobs [-lnprs] [工作è¦æ ¼ …] 或 jobs -x 命令 [引數]kill [-s 訊號è¦æ ¼ | -n 訊號編號 | - 訊號è¦æ ¼] 行程識別號 | 工作è¦æ ¼ … 或 kill -l [訊號è¦æ ¼]最後的命令： %s let 引數 [引數 …]limit第 %d 列：未啟用列編輯local [option] å稱[=值] …登出 logout [n]迴圈計數make_here_document：ä¸ç•¶çš„指示類型 %dmake_local_variable: 當å‰ä½œç”¨åŸŸä¸­æ²’有函數語境make_redirection：é‡æ–°å°Žå‘指示「%dã€è¶…出範åœmalloc: 空閒串列中的å€å¡Šæ壞malloc: 主張失敗: %s é·ç§»è¡Œç¨‹è‡³å¦ä¸€å€‹ CPU缺少「)ã€ç¼ºå°‘「]ã€ä½¿ç”¨äº† \x 但缺少å六進ä½æ•¸å­—使用了 \%c 但缺少è¬åœ‹ç¢¼æ•¸å­—ä¸æ”¯æŒç¶²è·¯æ“作%s çš„ exportstr 中沒有「=ã€%2$s 中沒有閉åˆçš„「%1$cã€æœªæ‰¾åˆ°å‘½ä»¤æ²’有與「%sã€åŒ¹é…的說明主題。嘗試「help helpã€æˆ–「man -k %sã€æˆ–「info %sã€ã€‚沒有工作控制此 shell 中無工作控制無匹é…: %s無其他目錄其他é¸é …ä¸èƒ½èˆ‡ã€Œ-xã€åŒæ™‚使用當å‰æœªåŸ·è¡Œè£œå®ŒåŠŸèƒ½ä¸æ˜¯ç™»å…¥ shell: 使用「exitã€å…«é€²ä½æ•¸å­—僅在「forã€ï¼Œã€Œwhileã€ï¼Œ 或者「untilã€è¿´åœˆä¸­æœ‰æ„義管é“錯誤pop_scope: shell_variables çš„å‰ç«¯ä¸æ˜¯è‡¨æ™‚環境作用域pop_var_context: shell_variables çš„å‰ç«¯ä¸æ˜¯å‡½æ•¸èªžå¢ƒpop_var_context: 沒有 global_variables 語境popd [-n] [+N | -N]å³å°‡åœæ­¢é›»æºprint_command: 錯誤的æ¢ä»¶é€£æŽ¥ç¬¦ã€Œ%dã€printf [-v var] æ ¼å¼ [引數]progcomp_insert: %s: 空的補完è¦æ ¼ç¨‹å¼è¨­è¨ˆéŒ¯èª¤pushd [-n] [+N | -N | 目錄]pwd [-LP]read [-ers] [-a 陣列] [-d 分隔符] [-i ç·©è¡å€æ–‡å­—] [-n 讀å–字元數] [-N 讀å–字符數] [-p æ示符] [-t 逾時] [-u 檔案æ述符] [å稱 …]讀å–錯誤: %d: %sreadarray [-n 計數] [-O 起始åºè™Ÿ] [-s 計數] [-t] [-u fd] [-C 回呼] [-c 定é‡] [陣列]readonly [-aAf] [å稱[=值] …] 或 readonly -prealloc: 用未分é…çš„å€å¡Šåšç‚ºå‘¼å«å¼•æ•¸realloc: 啟始和末尾å€å¡Šå¤§å°ä¸ä¸€è‡´realloc: 檢測到下é™æº¢ä½ï¼›mh_nbytes 超出範åœéžè¿´å †ç–Šä¸‹é™æº¢ä½é‡å®šå‘錯誤: 無法複製檔案æ述符register_alloc: %p 在表中顯示為已分é…？ register_alloc: 分é…表已經充滿了 FIND_ALLOC？ register_free: %p 在表中顯示為已釋放？ å—é™çš„return [n]run_pending_traps: trap_list[%d] 中的錯誤值: %prun_pending_traps： 信號處ç†æ˜¯ SIG_DFL，resending %d (%s) to myselfsave_bash_input: 已經存在新的檔案æ述符 %d çš„ç·©è¡å€select NAME [in å­—è©ž … ;] do 命令 ; doneset [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o é¸é …å] [--] [引數 …]setlocale: %s: 無法變更語å€é¸é … (%s)setlocale: %s: 無法變更語å€é¸é … (%s): %ssetlocale: LC_ALL: 無法變更語å€é¸é … (%s)setlocale: LC_ALL: 無法變更語å€é¸é … (%s): %sshell 層次 (%d) 太高，é‡ç½®ç‚º 1shift [n]ä½ç§»è¨ˆæ•¸shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [é¸é …å …]sigprocmask： %d：無效æ“作source 檔å [引數]start_pipeline: 行程群組管é“suspend [-f]語法錯誤語法錯誤，在有æ¢ä»¶çš„表示å¼æ¢ä»¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ä¸­æœ‰èªžæ³•éŒ¯èª¤: 未é æœŸçš„字組「%sã€è¡¨ç¤ºå¼èªžæ³•éŒ¯èª¤ã€Œ%sã€é™„近有語法錯誤未é æœŸçš„字組「%sã€é™„近有語法錯誤語法錯誤：「((%s))ã€èªžæ³•éŒ¯èª¤ï¼šã€Œ;ã€æ„外語法錯誤：需è¦ç®—å¼èªžæ³•éŒ¯èª¤: 無效的算術é‹ç®—å­èªžæ³•éŒ¯èª¤: 需è¦é‹ç®—元語法錯誤: 未é æœŸçš„檔案çµå°¾ç³»çµ±å³å°‡å´©æ½°test [表示å¼]time [-p] 管é“太多引數trap [-lp] [[引數] 訊號è¦æ ¼ …]trap_handler：ä¸ç•¶çš„信號 %dtype [-afptP] å稱 [å稱 …]umask [-p] [-S] [模å¼]unalias [-a] å稱 [å稱 …]尋找「]]ã€æ™‚é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé æœŸçš„檔案çµæŸç¬¦å°‹æ‰¾åŒ¹é…的「%cã€æ™‚é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé æœŸçš„檔案çµæŸç¬¦å°‹æ‰¾åŒ¹é…的「)ã€æ™‚é‡åˆ°äº†æœªé æœŸçš„檔案çµæŸç¬¦äºŒå…ƒæ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å­ä½¿ç”¨äº†æœªé æœŸçš„引數「%sã€ä¸€å…ƒæ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å­ä½¿ç”¨äº†æœªé æœŸçš„引數「%sã€äºŒå…ƒæ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å­ä½¿ç”¨äº†æœªé æœŸçš„引數一元æ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å­ä½¿ç”¨äº†æœªé æœŸçš„引數æ¢ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸­æœ‰æœªé æœŸçš„字組 %dæ¢ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸­æœ‰æœªé æœŸçš„字組「%cã€æ¢ä»¶å‘½ä»¤ä¸­æœ‰æœªé æœŸçš„字組「%sã€æœªé æœŸçš„字組「%sã€ï¼Œéœ€è¦äºŒå…ƒæ¢ä»¶é‹ç®—å­æœªé æœŸçš„字組「%sã€ï¼Œéœ€è¦ã€Œ)ã€ä¸æ˜Žä¸æ˜Žå‘½ä»¤éŒ¯èª¤unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [å稱 …]until 命令 ; do 命令 ; done數值太大ä¸å¯ç‚ºç®—術進ä½çš„基底variables - 一些 shell 變數的å稱和å«ç¾©wait [-n] [編號 …]wait [行程識別號 …]wait: 行程識別號 %ld ä¸æ˜¯ç•¶å‰ shell çš„å­è¡Œç¨‹wiat_for: 沒有行程 %ld 的記錄wait_for_job: 工作 %d å·²åœæ­¢waitchld: é–‹å•Ÿ WNOHANG 以é¿å…ç„¡é™é˜»å¡žè­¦å‘Šï¼šè­¦å‘Š: %s: %s警告： -C é¸é …å¯èƒ½ç„¡æ³•æŒ‰é æœŸå·¥ä½œè­¦å‘Šï¼š -F é¸é …å¯èƒ½ç„¡æ³•æŒ‰é æœŸå·¥ä½œwhile 命令 ; do 命令 ; done寫入錯誤： %sxtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)xtrace_set: %d: 無效的檔案æ述符xtrace_set: 空的檔案指標{ 命令 ; }